Presentation

  1. 1

    Choose a calm moment when the child is free and sit at the child's eye level.

  2. 2

    Open with something the child is doing or has brought: "Tell me about your shoes."

  3. 3

    Wait at least five seconds after the child speaks before responding, so the child has time to add more.

  4. 4

    Repeat back what the child said in a full sentence using one new precise word: "You have red boots with buckles."

  5. 5

    Ask one open question (how, why, what happened) rather than a yes/no question.

  6. 6

    Share one short, true detail from your own life on the same topic to model turn-taking.

  7. 7

    Close the conversation warmly and let the child return to work.

Extensions, easiest to hardest

  1. Small-group conversation at snack or lunch with two or three children taking turns
  2. Conversation about a picture or artwork the child chooses
  3. Show-and-share at group time, with the child describing an object to the group
  4. Conversation about a past event (weekend, a trip) that requires past-tense sequencing

Control of error

The adult. The guide notices misunderstanding and restates or asks a clarifying question; there is no material-based control.

Ready to move on when the child…

  • Starts conversations with adults and peers without prompting
  • Speaks in complete sentences of five or more words
  • Waits for a turn and responds on topic
  • Uses new vocabulary heard in the classroom in their own speech

Guide note

For dual-language learners, speak slowly, use gestures and real objects, and accept answers in the home language; restate in English without correcting. Do not correct grammar directly; restate the sentence correctly instead.

Try “pink tower”, “tummy”, “diaper”, “grace and courtesy”, or “October”.